Dolphins: Second-Smartest Animals?


The dolphins are considered as second intelligent animal before human beings.

 DIFFERENCE IN DOLPHIN BRAIN:-

          Dolphin brain stem transmission time is faster than that normally found in humans, and is approximately equivalent to the speed found in rats.As echo-location is the dolphin's primary means of sensing its environment – analogous to eyes in primates – and since sound travels four and a half times faster in water than in air ,scientist .
 speculate that the faster brain stem transmission time, and perhaps the paralimbic lobe as well, assist quicker processing of sound. The dolphin's greater dependence on sound processing is evident in the structure of its brain: its neural area devoted to visual imaging is only about one-tenth that of the human brain, while the area devoted to acoustical imaging is about 10 times that of the human brain. Sensory experiments suggest a great degree of cross-modal integration in the processing of shapes between echolocative and visual areas of the brain. Unlike the case of the human brain, the cetacean optic chiasm is completely crossed, and there is behavioral evidence for hemispheric dominance for vision.
CALCULATING ABILITY   :-
                      
 Some research shows that dolphins, among other animals, understand concepts such as numerical continuity (but not necessarily counting). A recent study found that dolphins may be able to discriminate between numbers, but that this ability "may involve mimicry. . . as dolphins are unsurpassed in imitative abilities among nonhuman animals".
                                            Several researchers observing animals' ability to learn set formation tend to rank dolphins at about the level of elephants in "intelligence"and show that dolphins do not have any unusual talent with problem solving compared with the other animals classed with very great intelligence. Macphail in his "Brain and intelligence in vertebrates" compared data from studies regarding learning "set formation" of animals. The results show that dolphins are skilled at performing this sort of standardized testing but not as adept as other animals in the study.
COMPLEX PLAY:-
Dolphins are known to engage in complex play behavior, which includes such things as producing stable underwater toroidal air-core vortex rings or "bubble rings".
  • There are two main methods of bubble ring production: rapid puffing of a burst of air into the water and allowing it to rise to the surface, forming a ring; or swimming repeatedly in a circle and then stopping to inject air into the helical vortex currents thus formed.
  •  The dolphin will often then examine its creation visually and with sonar
  • They also appear to enjoy biting the vortex-rings they've created, so that they burst into many separate normal bubbles and then rise quickly to the surface. 
  • Certain whales are also known to produce bubble rings, or even bubble-nets for the purpose of foraging. 
  • Many dolphin species are also known for playing by riding in waves, whether natural waves near the shoreline in a method akin to human "body-surfing", or within the waves induced by the bow of a moving boat in a behavior known as bow riding

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